高考英语一轮复习：动词的时态语态（二）

　　 动词的时态语态 (二)

　　时态：表示动作发生或存在状态以及表现方式的一种动词形式。

　　语态：用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。

　　主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者或行为的主体；

　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象

　　英语中，在不同时间，以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用动词的不同形式表现出来，动词的这些不同形式构成了动词的时态。一般来说，发生在现在的事情用现在的时态进行描述，发生在过去的事情，用过去的时态进行描述，将要发生的事情用将来的时态进行描述。英语中的时态共计16种，常用的有12种。

时间

方式

现在

过去

将来

过去将来

一般

works

Worked

shall/ will work

should/ would work

进行

am/ is/ are working

was/ were working

shall/ will be working

should/ would be working

完成

have/ has worked

had worked

shall/ will have worked

should/ would have worked

完成进行

have/ has been working

had been working

shall/ will have been working

should/ would have been working

　　在高中阶段，我们将会主要学习到的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。本次课我们主要讲解现在进行时、过去进行时

　　一. 现在进行时

　　1. 基本结构

　　肯定形式： am /is /are + doing

　　否定形式： am /is /are + not + doing.

　　一般疑问句： Is /Are …+doing …?

　　特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

　　2. 动词的现在分词的构成：

动词特征

变化

例词

一般动词

直接加-ing

look-lookingwatch- watching

以e结尾

去e加-ing

come- coming move- moving

以重读闭音节结尾，

且末尾只有一个辅音字母

先双写该辅音字母，

再加-ing

swim-swimming

run- running

plan-planning

以ie结尾且为重读开音节

变ie加y再加ing

die-dying lie-lying

3. 基本用法：

　　现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days.

　　① 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态

　　例：The telephone is ringing now. Please answer it.

　　② 表示现阶段正在进行，但说话时未必正在进行

　　例：Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.

　　 I'm getting along well with a boy in my class.

　　4. 特殊用法

　　① 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，用于go, come, stay, leave, do, take, have等少数动作，往往表示"马上就，即将，逐渐地，反复的"。

　　例：I'm going on a trip soon. 即将）

　　 Actually, I'm forgetting my Japanese. 逐渐地）

　　② 与always, forever, constantly, frequently等副词连用，表示赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。

　　试比较：He always finishes his homework on time. 习惯）

　　 He is always finishing his homework on time. 赞扬）

　　例：I am always forgetting things. 生气）

　　 She is always helping others when they are in trouble. (称赞)

　　 The children are constantly making noise. (厌烦)

　　③ 用于时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，代替将来进行时

　　例：If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up.

　　④ 用于表示"变化"的动词如become, get, turn等），强调"逐渐变化"的过程

　　例：It is getting hotter and hotter.

　　二. 过去进行时

　　1. 基本结构

　　肯定形式：was / were + doing

　　否定形式：was /were + not + doing

　　一般疑问句： 把was或were放于句首

　　特殊疑问词：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

　　2. 用法

　　过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：at that time, at five yesterday, then, this time last night, the whole morning.

　　① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

　　例：She was traveling in Tibet this time last year.

　　② 表示过去某一时间内正在进行的动作

　　例：We were working from two to five yesterday afternoon.

　　③ 表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行

　　例：I was surfing the Internet when you phoned.

　　句型：when V.S while

　　A. When sb did sth, sb was/were doing

　　当我到家的时候，妈妈正在做饭

　　________________________________________________

　　答案：When I got home, mom was cooking.

　　B. When sb was/were doing, sb did sth

　　当我写作业的时候，妈妈回来了

　
　　答案：When I was doing homework, mom came back.

　　C. When sb did sth, sb did sth

　　当我停车的时候，有个人冲我走来

　　
　　答案：When I stopped my car, someone came over to me

　　D. While sb was/were doing, sb was/were doing 只接延续性动词）

　　当我写作业的时候，哥哥在玩电脑


　 答案：While I was doing my homework, my brother was playing computer games.

　　三. 将来进行时

　　1. 基本结构

　　肯定形式：sb shall/will be doing sth

　　否定形式：sb shall/will be not doing sth

　　一般疑问句：Shall/Will sb be doing sth?

　　特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

　　2. 用法

　　① 表示将来某一时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有this time tomorrow, at 10 o'clock next Monday, in a minute

　　例：This time tomorrow we'll be flying to Hangzhou.

　　② 与一般将来时连用，表示在将来某一动作之后要做的事情

　　例：My summer vacation will end soon. I'll be having classes.

练一练

　　1. 观察下列例句，将序号填入对应用法之后的空白栏中

　　① She is always asking the same question.

　　② Look! The boy is dozing off.

　　③ My sister was reading a book when a stranger came in.

　　④ He will be having a meeting at 9 tomorrow morning, so please don't call him at that time.

　　⑤ It was getting darker.

　　⑥ He will take an important test from 7 to 9 tomorrow evening.

　　⑦ She said she was going to London the next year.

　　⑧ While he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.

　　⑨ How are you getting along with your English these days?

　　⑩ Hurry up! The bus is coming!

一般用法

进行体

一般用法

特殊用法

“时刻”

“时间段”

现在进行时

表示现在说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，常与now等时间状语连用

表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作说话时动作不一定正在进行），常与at present，these days等连用

部分瞬间动词“善始善终、死去活来”）用现在进行时表将来

与always, forever, continually和constantly等连用，表示多次重复，且含有感情色彩

用于表示“变化”的动词如become, get, turn等），强调“逐渐变化”的过程

过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

表示某一段时间正在进行或持续的动作。

将来进行时

表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作

表示将来某一段时间正在进行或持续的动作

　　2. 单项选择

　　1. When John finally got to the top of the mountain, the sun ______．

　　A. was shining B. shone

　　C. has been shining D. has shone

　　2. --- What happened to Bill?

　　 --- He _____ really fast when suddenly he ran headfirst into a parked car.

　　A. had run B. was running

　　C. has run D. has been running

　　3. --- Tom, can you answer my question?

　　 --- Er, I am very sorry, Miss Evens. I____ about something else.

　　A. had thought B. was thinking

　　C. will think D. have thought

　　4. I ____ toward the door to go outside when suddenly Jim opened it unexpectedly.

　　A. walked B. was walking

　　C. had walked D. had been walking

　　5. David _____ a customer when the fire started.

　　A. served B. was serving C. had served D. would serve

　　6. --- I'll give you a ring about eight.

　　 --- Could you phone a bit later? I ________ dinner then.

　　A. will be having B. have had C. had D. was having

　　7. --- Do we have to wear our school uniforms tomorrow?

　　 --- I think so. We _____ the coming-of-age ceremony in the afternoon.

　　A. will be attending B. have attended C. attend D. attended

　　8. Mark _________football when I __________ready to go home.

　　A. was playing; am B. is playing; was

　　C. was playing; was D. played; was

　　9. We _____ the final match on TV, when suddenly the electricity ____.

　　A. watched; cut off B. were watching; was cutting off

　　C. watched; was cutting off D. were watching; cut off

　　10. I first met Lisa three years ago .She_____ at a radio shop at that moment.

　　A. has worked B. was working.

　　C. had been working D. had worked

　　11. --- Hi, Lily. Don't forget to watch I'm a Singer at 10:00 this Friday night!

　　 --- What a pity! I ______in a plane to Hainan for a meeting then.

　　A. will sit B. will be sitting C. am sitting D. sit

　　12. I walked past your house last night. There was an awful lot of noise. What _______ you ?

　　A. did; do B. would; do C. had; done D. were; doing

　　13. - Can I come after dinner?

　　 - Yes, that's fine. I anything．

　　A. don't do B. won't do C. won't be doing D. am not doing

　　14. I'd like to go to Tommy's birthday party this evening, but I just from the flu.

　　A. am; recovering B. will; recover

　　C. was; recovering D. had; recovered

　　15. The student continuing his studies when he had to return to his home country unexpectedly.

　　A. is considering B. has considered

　　C. should consider D. was considering

3. 翻译练习

　　① 现在我跟我班里的同学相处得很融洽。

　　 ____________________________________________________________

　　② 我宁愿看书，也不愿看电视，因为电视节目越来越糟糕.

　　 ____________________________________________________________

　　③ 昨天下午3点到5点我正在读英语。

___________________________________________________________________

　　④ 明天的这个时候我正在开会。

_________________________________________________________________________

　　⑤ 不要吵闹，我正在写作文。

_________________________________________________________________________

　　⑥ 当我在等车的时候，一个女孩向我跑来。

__________________________________________________________________________

1. 观察下列例句，将序号填入对应用法之后的空白栏中

一般用法

进行体

一般用法

特殊用法

“时刻”

“时间段”

现在进行时

表示现在说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，常与now等时间状语连用

②

表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作说话时动作不一定正在进行），常与at present，these days等连用

⑨

部分瞬间动词“善始善终、死去活来”）用现在进行时表将来

⑩

与always, forever, continually和constantly等连用，表示多次重复，且含有感情色彩

①

用于表示“变化”的动词如become, get, turn等），强调“逐渐变化”的过程

⑤

过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作

③

表示某一段时间正在进行或持续的动作。

⑧

将来进行时

表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作

④

表示将来某一段时间正在进行或持续的动作

⑥

2. 单项选择

ABBBB AACDB BDCAD

　　3. 翻译练习

　　① I am getting along well with my classmates now.

　　② I prefer to read rather than watch TV, because the program is getting worse and worse.

　　③ I was reading English between 3:00-5:00 p.m. yesterday afternoon.

　　④ I will be having meeting at this time tomorrow.

　　⑤ Be quiet! I am writing a composition.

　　⑥ When I was waiting for the bus, a girl came over to me.

　　
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